Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

The present age is the age of information technology. Information technology generally refers to the technology of storing and using information. It is called Information Technology (Information Technology - IT) or IT.

Information technology is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as - "The branch of technology concerned with the dissemination, processing and storage of information, especially by means of computers".

Information technology is basically an integrated technology which has emerged as information technology as a result of long-term practice in the combination of communication, telecommunication, audio video, computing, broadcasting and many other technologies.

Broadly speaking, the system of collecting, gathering, storing, processing and exchanging or serving all information through computer and telecommunication systems is identified as information technology. Communication media has a close relationship with information technology. So currently information technology is called information and communication technology (ICT).

The Contribution of Information Technology

The impact of information technology on the development of modern civilization is immense. The field of application of information technology is wide today due to the features of computer precision, speed, memory, automatic processing, information sharing and communication using network technology. The significant contribution of information technology is- 

    1. Prevents wastage.

    2. Saves time.

    3. Availability of information is easy.

    4. Instant communication is possible. Phone, fax, internet, e-mail, SMS, MMS etc. These are prime examples.

    5. Accelerates the pace of training and related activities.

    6. Efficiency increases in all areas.

    7. Creates a profitable process in business.

    8. Global product markets can be created through e-commerce.

    9. You can order your favorite and necessary things through the internet at home.

    10. The use of information technology in industrial establishments reduces the wastage of manpower.

    11. Develops human resources.

    12. Students are now able to take education online at various prestigious educational institutions of the world from the comfort of their homes.

    13. Through the introduction of e-governance, work can be coordinated between various ministries and departments of the government

    14. Citizen benefits like the Citizen Charter are available at home

    15. Various utility bills (electricity, water, gas, phone etc.) can be paid at home using ICT.

The Elements of Information Technology

The basic components currently used in information technology are-

• Computer and other devices
• Computing
• Radio, Television, Fax
• Audio Video
• Satellite
• Computer network
• Internet
• Modern Telecommunication 
• Modem etc.

1. Concept of Global Village

A village is a small group or group of houses. Due to the location of a village in a limited area in a certain area, everyone living in the village knows everyone. If any information is published in the village, it becomes known instantly by word of mouth. At any moment in the village, one helps each other in the work.

The word global means world. Global Village means World Village. Global Village is a technology-based world in which all the nations of the world get benefits like a village.

The existence of villages is observed in every part of the world.

A city consists of several villages, a district or region consists of several cities and a country consists of several districts and regions. Again the collective geographical location of numerous countries is considered as the world. Today, the world has become smaller due to the benefit of technology. In the larger context, the world is a village. In other words, the world is a single family.

Global Village generally refers to a concept where people from different parts of the world are connected to each other through easy transportation and travel, mass media and electronic communication and become a single community.

Due to the widespread use and influence of various types of media, especially the World Wide Web, people in one part of the world can easily communicate with people in another part of the world. This exchange of information has brought the world so close that it now appears as a village.

For example – a person residing in Bangladesh can now communicate instantly online with a person residing in Australia. Some electronic media including telephone, television, computer and internet bridge the distance gap in this case.

Nowadays people in one part of the world are becoming dependent on people in another part of the world in the global village.

In today's world, we are basically living in a global village. Global Village has a wide influence in communication, employment, education, medicine, research, office, accommodation, trade, news, entertainment and social interaction and exchange of cultural material.

Canadian philosopher and writer Herbert Marshall McLuhan (July 21, 1911 - December *31, 1980) is the first person to popularize the term "World Village" or "Global Village". He revealed this through his books 'The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man' published in 1962 and 'Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man' published in 1964.

In the second book, McLuhan describes how the world is being transformed into a village by electronic technology and the rapid movement of information.

His insight was groundbreaking at the time in which he called the global village an electronic nervous system (media) and explained that it would soon encompass planet Earth. Massive development in various fields through information and communication technology

has now brought people from all corners of the world closer to each other.

Definition of Global Village

According to yourdictionary.com, the global village is— “The definition of a global village is the idea that people are connected by easy travel, mass media and electronic communications, and have become a single community.

Global Village is a concept where people are interconnected by easy transportation, mass media, electronic communication and become a single community.”

According to MacMillan dictionary, the global village is—

"The modern world in which all countries depend on each other and seem to be closer together because of modern communications and transport systems."

"A modern world where all countries are interdependent and feel very close through modern communication and transportation systems."

According to the Oxford American Dictionary, the global village is — "The world considered a single community linked by telecommunications."

In the light of the above definitions, it can be said a global Village is an environment based on information and communication technology where all the people of the world, despite being located in distant places, get the benefit of living in a single society and provide services to each other.

That is, the concept of the global village is that the entire world is considered a village through electronic communication.

Advantages of Global Village

  1. One can communicate with any person anywhere in the world in a moment.   2. Distance is not felt i.e. geographical distance is reduced.   3. Reduced management costs.   4. Knowledge can be acquired by extracting the necessary information from various educational sites. One can read books from any library online and get education from the world's renowned educational institutions at home.

5. Know about different countries and their culture.

6. Business can be done at home. Business is expanding.

7. With the telemedicine system, medical services are available from the renowned doctors of the world sitting anywhere in the world. 8. With the introduction of Internet TV and Internet radio, entertainment can be enjoyed at home.

9. You can earn from home by outsourcing through Internet.

10. Economic development takes place.

11. World brotherhood is created.

[Biography of Herbert Marshall McLuhan: Herbert Marshall McLuhan was born in Edmonton to Elsie Naomi and Herbert Ernest McLuhan on July 21, 1911. His father was a Methodist and had a real estate business in the city of Edmonton.

His business suffered when World War I broke out and McLuhan's father joined the Canadian Army. Herbert was discharged from the army in 1915 due to ill health. The McLuhan family then moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba. Marshall grew up and went to school there. He received his MA in English from the University of Manitoba in 1934.

In 1936 he earned a bachelor's degree from Cambridge and entered their graduate program. In 1939 he married the actress Corinne Lewis and they lived in Cambridge from 1939-40. There he completed his master's degree and began work on his doctoral thesis on Thomas Nashe and verbal art. In 1940, McLuhan began teaching at St. Louis University. McLuhan taught at Amazon College in Windsor, Ontario from 1944 to 1946.

Then in 1946 McLuhan returned to Toronto and joined the faculty of St. Michel's College. In the early 1950s, McLuhan began a seminar on communication and culture at the University of Toronto, funded by the Ford Foundation. As his reputation grew, he received job offers from more universities.

As a result, the university established the Center for Culture and Technology in 1963 to retain him. It was during this time that he published his first major work: The Mechanical Bride (1951), an experimental work on the effects of advertising on society and culture.

Also throughout the 1950s, he published an important journal Exploration in collaboration with Edmund Carpenter. McLuhan remained at the University of Toronto until 1979, spending much of that time as head of the Center for Culture and Technology.

Marshall and Coroney had six children: Erich, twins Marie and Teresa, Stephanie, Elizabeth and Michael. McLuhan began working in advertising to support his large family. Apart from this, he started consulting work in various corporate companies like IBM and AT&T.

He suffered a stroke in September 1979 and died in his sleep on 31 December 1980. McLuhan's book The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man was written in 1961. It was first published in Canada in 1962 by the University of Toronto Press.

Throughout this book, McLuhan shows how communication technologies such as literal writing, printing press and electronic media influence various philosophical foundations and how deeply social institutions are consequently influenced.]

Disadvantages of Global Village

• By hacking the internet, information is stolen and information privacy is revealed.

• May create chaos by publishing false information.

• People can read something and accept it as true without verifying its sources.

• Due to spending more time on the net, the number of virtual friends may increase compared to real friends. This can increase isolation between people.

• Stealing information from banks and financial institutions. Debit and credit card fraud.

• Social degradation caused by pornography.

• The occurrence of cyber attacks.

• Easy cultural exchange leads to the extinction of a country's own culture. • Physical problems caused by excessive use of technology.

• Unemployment may increase.

Elements for Establishing a Global Village

The main components of Vishwagram are-

1. Hardware;

2. Software;

3. Internet connection or connectivity (Connectivity);

4. Data and

5. Human knowledge or capacity (Capacity).

1. Hardware: The first thing that is required for any kind of communication and information exchange in Vishwagram is appropriate hardware. Hardware here includes computers and appliances, mobile phones, smartphones, audio-video recorders, satellites, radios, televisions and devices related to information and communication technology.

2. Software: The importance of software is immense in the establishment of Biswagram. Software includes various types of operating systems, browsing software, communicating software and programming languages.

3. Internet connectivity or connectivity: The backbone of Bishwagram is the Internet connectivity or connectivity to share resources securely through which various data and information reaches the user. Secure data sharing is the foundation of Vishwagram. In this case, arrangements are made to provide an internet connection using telecommunication, broadcasting and internet.

4. Data: Data is a fact or item that is randomly scattered. Worldgram contains various information which is obtained by computer processing from data. In Bishwagram people can share data and information with each other for free or for money as needed.

5. Human knowledge or capacity: User knowledge or capacity is one of the components of Vishwagram. Bishwagram is mainly based on information technology so its benefits depend on people's awareness and capabilities.

Related main elements of the Global Village idea

Many elements are related to the concept of Global Village or Global Village. The main components are mentioned below

is done-

1. Communication

2. Employment

3. Education

4. Health care and treatment

5. Research

6. office

7. Residence

8. Business

9. News

10. Entertainment and Social Communication

11. cultural exchange

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